Religious squabbles continued for years in the Maryland colony. In April 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a relative of Virginia Governor William Berkeley, led three hundred settlers against peaceful local tribes, killing them all. Lawmakers feared the growing African population, so they began to enforce restrictions on the number of black people that were imported. Additionally, the CNRA will highlight the stories that often go untold - those of Indigenous peoples; free and enslaved Blacks; the role the Bay played in the earliest days of the Maryland and Virginia Colonies; the . Summary of the key terms, events, and concepts of the early Chesapeake and Southern colonies. As much power as the governor had, the ability of the assembly to exert power over the British-appointed governor led was a display of the division between the colonies and their mother country.[19]. Assembly was the only branch with the power over funds and taxation, and it used this power as leverage over the governor to occasionally steal his power. Stagnant water, human waste, mosquitoes, and salt poisoning produced a mortality rate of 28 percent. Morgan, Philip D. Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. The New England Colonies were formed by those seeking religious freedom, most notably the Puritans. Colonial South and the Chesapeake During the British colonization of North America, the Thirteen Colonies provided England with much needed money and resources. and any corresponding bookmarks? Much like the old world, colonial America was divided into a rigid social structure. 3. The native-born population eventually became immune to the Chesapeake diseases and these colonies were able to continue through all the hardships. 11 2009 <https://www . A woman's place was at home or helping her husband. Most of these exports were headed to Britain, whose Navigation Acts restricted trade with other countries. The New England colonies formed a very strict religious society focused on god. Overall despite their roots the Chesapeake Bay colony and New England were completely distinct societies complete with their own economies, religions and economy. Both had the same goals and hopes for the New World. 2009. Most of these settlers were male immigrants from England who died soon after their arrival. Cultural and historic region of British North America, US History Encyclopedia: Colonial Assemblies. The remainder of the population was those who were neither landed gentry nor slaves. Baltimore granted his friends the large estates, which resembled medieval manors and paved the way for the plantation system. In the late 1400s, when Christopher Columbus stumbled across North America, the world was altered. Their goals were freedom, money, and power. As agriculture grew in importance in the southern economy, the demand for more workers grew as well. supportive in comparison to that of the Chesapeake Bay, that it is no wonder they developed into two distinctly different cultures before the year 1700. A large portion of land in the South was frontier "back country" that was less settled and abutted Indian land. Travel, Recreation and Culture Watershed Science . Slaves made up a large percentage of the South's population. These cities served as major seaports for the colonies in their trade with Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean. Indigenous peoples; free and enslaved Blacks; the role the Bay played in the earliest days of the Maryland and Virginia Colonies; the key part the Bay has played, and continues to play, in the region's economy; and . They rarely worried about their lives as long as their families led a happy and good life. As the number of new indentured laborers declined because of limited chances for advancement and reports of harsh treatment, they were replaced by African slaves. The Puritan and Chesapeake Colonies The Puritan and Chesapeake colonies were populations who were vastly different, but also quite the same in many ways. This was a gradual shift by the 18th century but by 1750 the population of Virginia had skyrocketed to 450,000 and was almost evenly divided between African and European peoples. It was this pragmatism that led the colonists to create their own society with a unique culture and system of economics and politics. In addition, it would help tell the stories of the Bay. Each indentured servant meant more land for his sponsor under the headright system, which had the effect of squeezing out smallscale farming. These people were the ones who set the fashions in the colonies. . The Chesapeake colonies developed similar agricultural systems based on tobacco, which later diversified to include cotton and indigo. The Chesapeake colonies of Virginia and Maryland served a vital purpose in the developing seventeenth-century English empire by providing tobacco a cash crop. This common background guaranteed the colonies the same language roots, as the people brought their language with them from England. In political and religious matters, Virginia differed considerably from the New England colonies. The parents of young puritans at the time were scared of their children taking into too much of the Dutch culture and primarily wanted to stay as English as they could. [17], The first democratically elected government was the House of Burgesses, which was first convened in 1619 by Governor George Yeardley in Virginia. In the mid-1600's, New England and the Chesapeake region first started to colonize. The political structure of the Southern Colonies and the Chesapeake region and the manner of the different American political figures reflected the structure of the British Government. Demographics: lower life expectancy, many white male indentured servants. Thus, slave importing began to grow until Charleston was a leading importer in slaves. Indentured servants were people who signed a contract of indenture requiring them to work for their Chesapeake masters for an average of five to seven years, in return for the cost of the Atlantic crossing. Comparison between the Colonies of Chesapeake and New England This essay will be analyzing and comparing & contrasting the colonies of Chesapeake and New England. Virginia is where the British Empire began, this was the first colony in the British Empire. bookmarked pages associated with this title. However, the culture of the Southern and Chesapeake Colonies was different from that of the Northern and Middle Colonies and from that of their common British colonial power . 2 pages, 780 words The Essay on Chesapeake Colonies England South People . Plantations were established by riverbanks for the good soil and to ensure ease of transportation. The slaves also completed the trading process known as Triangle trade. Previous CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. While these two areas may have had slightly similar beginnings, they evolved into two distinctly separate cultures that in the end became part of the strong American image of Yanks and Southerners. In 1649, under Baltimore's urging, the colonial assembly passed the Act of Religious Toleration, the first law in the colonies granting freedom of worship, albeit only for Christians. By the early 18th century the slave population outnumbered the white population. However, after the events of Bacon's Rebellion plantation owners began to find slaves to be a better investment than indentured servants. Although it was intended as a refuge for Catholics a significant part of the population was Protestants and Protestants gained control of the colony during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Economics in the colonies: Both the Chesapeake and Southern colonies had rich soil and temperate climates which made large-scale plantation farming possible. More than 110,000 had arrived in the Chesapeake region by 1700. The development of multinational society is related to the presence of representatives of different nations in American society. 2. Gallery of famous 17th-century Puritan theologians: A map of the Virginia Colonies dated 1721. New England Colonies, Next They were highly stratified by wealth. Experienced slaves were brought from Africa to cultivate rice and indigo. The people that settled the New England area did so for religious freedom (most notable the Puritans), but decided that breaking away completely from the crown would not be to their best interest. Global trade in the Chesapeake and southern colonies was mainly centered on the products of their agriculture. The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers to this website may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Comparable artifact databases have been created for the 18 sites, and analysis of artifact distributions has provided great insight into . This combination of clashing ingredients is why it is . HubPages is a registered trademark of The Arena Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. All of this moneymaking allowed farmers to buy more slaves to continue the cycle. The assembly met regularly, not so much for representative government as for the opportunity to raise taxes. Through their motivations for settlement, we see how different the societies really were, and also how their purposes led to the varying forms of culture and government. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. That day, the Pennsylvania Game Commission estimated that 30,000 . Slaves brought their African knowledge which aided the development of rice and indigo growing. Most Chesapeake slaves, male and female, worked in the fields, but thousands labored as teamsters, as boatmen, and in skilled crafts. Many countries established colonies, but the only ones that stuck were the English colonies. New England colonies suffered through long winters and rocky soil so farming was very limited and most farms were small (100 acres). The Chesapeake colonies were primarily agricultural, while the New England colonies focused on fishing and trade. However, by 1749 powerful South Carolina interests and their allies had clandestinely brought so many slaves into Georgia that the Georgia Trustees were unable to stem the tide. The colonies in New England and the Chesapeake exemplify the many differences in the culture and lifestyles of the settlers, created mainly because of the fact that their founding fathers had held separate intentions when they came to the New World. One outcome of this polarized society and economic depravity was Bacon's Rebellion, where farmers, wanting the unused Indian lands, attacked the local tribes and the government. It appointed officials to run each section and they served as rulers away from home. The deerskin trade was also a major factor in the economic growth of Charleston, South Carolina, which exported an average of 54,000 deer skins per year between 1699 and 1715. The founding of Maryland. Protestant Christianity was the predominant religion in the Chesapeake colonies until the late 19th century. This caused the development of large plantations near the Atlantic Coast and little urban activity, as the small farms were forced to live in the back country where Indian relations were volatile. From 1620, it was British America's most valuable export . Generally they were taken back to the plantation and whipped hundreds of times or castrated as punishment. While the colonies were separated geographically from their homeland, the powerful political influence of the King and Parliament greatly affected their politics. Using detailed comparisons of the archaeological assemblages from 18 early sites in the Chesapeake, this project explores the material conditions of culture contact, plantation development and organization, the rise of slavery, and consumer behavior. The Chesapeake colonies were part of the Anglican church, who had to take oaths of allegiance before they could leave for the New World (Doc. In 1802, sixteen years after formally disestablishing the church, Virginia's legislature . And of course it did not help that, since tobacco prices were unstable from the Navigation Acts, there was a prolonged economic depression. After 1660, the Chesapeake colonies enforced laws that defined slavery as a lifelong and inheritable condition based on race. They were expert trappers who sold their furs to the colonial traders in exchange for pots, cloth, scissors and other modern household items. While the British impacted many aspects of American culture, the political prestige and power of the British Empire perhaps had the strongest effect of all. [18], Both the southern colonies and those in the Chesapeake had a similar government: a governor and a council appointed by the crown, and an assembly or house of representatives that was elected by the people. The tobacco also depleted nutrients in the soil,[1][2] and new land was continually needed for its cultivation. In fact, in Virginia they bragged that you couldn't find a printing press in the entire state. from your Reading List will also remove any In addition, the colony was granted fishing rights in all the water . Jamestown - the impact of tobacco. The agricultural land was organized into a plantation system: a manorial structure in which a gentry of landed aristocrats (most of whom were successful early settlers to the region) owned the plantation. Even with the small amount of capital needed for tobacco cultivation, former indentured servants at best became subsistence farmers, a class ripe for such calls to rebellion as those proposed by Nathaniel Bacon. Because wealthy planters built their own wharves on the Chesapeake to ship their crop to England, town development was slow. They are the . The Chesapeake Bay Colonies where placed in a more sever climate area, and the land chosen to build and farm on was badly chosen. The charters for both the New England colony and the Chesapeake colony where received from the King of England. In the Chesapeake Bay area cities included only Baltimore, Maryland, and Richmond, Virginia, in the Chesapeake region, and in the southern colonies, Charleston, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia. The New England and Chesapeake colonies began to develop into two distinct societies from their very beginnings due to the intentions of their respective colonists during colonization. They encountered many difficulties trying to achieve these goals including Indians, unfarmed land and unfamiliar weather. While North Carolina adopted the practices and economy of Virginia due to similar environmental set up and immigrant ethnicity, South Carolina developed differently because of the large influx of immigrants from Barbados. . Except for children of the elite, all others were expected to work by age 11 or 12. These people tended to settle in the back country and away from the more developed coastal areas.[15]. To cultivate tobacco, planters brought in large numbers of English workers, mostly young men who came as indentured servants. Aboard the Mayflower during the year 1620 were Separatist; people who withdrew from the Church of England. However, the culture of the Southern and Chesapeake Colonies was different from that of the Northern and Middle Colonies and from that of their common British colonial power. New England was family oriented men, women and children moved to the area. In conclusion both colonies where very different . While the New Englanders had a strong sense of unity, and had the church and God in the center of their societies, the Chesapeake Bay citizens didn't even have towns to create unity. Cite this page Don't waste time Because of its large reliance on labor for tobacco plantations that fueled the economy, the Chesapeake relied on indentured servants to work the land. The institution of slavery in the Chesapeake Colonies-Virginia and Maryland-differed from the slave systems that emerged in the Lowcountry of South Carolina, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies by 1700. . The culture of the Chesapeake colonies was dominated at the top by rich, aristocratic plantation owners. The Chesapeake's culture and beliefs were different in many ways. Fluctuations in Chesapeake tobacco prices caused a prolonged economic depression from 1660 into the early 1700s. This essay will explore the comparison between Chesapeake and New England, two regions with very different cultures. Removing #book# Though some were honest men, wishing to scrape out a new life in the new world, many of these men were criminals, waifs, and convicts, sent to the new world as punishment. The Chesapeake Colonies and Tobacco. See also how big is a microbe. What were the Chesapeake colonies known for? These factors dramatically lessened the life span of the people. Numerous slave women became cooks, seamstresses, dairy maids, and personal servants. The colonies were founded in the late 1600s and early 1700s, and they were initially settled by people from the English countryside who were looking for a new life. The son of George Mason, one of Virginia's leading planters and statesmen, recorded that his father's slaves included . The diversifying of agriculture was key to avoid economic slumps that could have resulted from the fluctuating tobacco prices. Settlements of the Chesapeake region grew slowly due to diseases such as malaria. Maryland was the first proprietary colony, based on a grant to Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who named the land for Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. Lord Baltimore planned for Maryland to serve as a haven for English Catholics who suffered political and religious discrimination in England, but few Catholics actually settled in the colony. it will highlight stories that often go untold - those of indigenous groups; histories of free and enslaved blacks; the role the bay played in the earliest days of the maryland and virginia colonies; the the chesapeake's notable impact on the region's economy; and the story of watermen and women who are essential to the economic success and Cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo were the areas main exports. (1998) Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth Century Chesapeake and Low Country Chapel Hill, NC: University of North . [16] In the upland country, most free European settlers had similar conditions of wealth and were not as stratified as in the cities. . The Chesapeake Bay Colonies and the New England Colonies were both colonized by the British, but both regions were vastly different from one another. Slave's usefulness and the economic gain to be had by using them also increased the number of Africans that were imported. However, in 1624 when the Virginia Company lost its charter, the colony was thrown into catastrophe . Reports indicate that the arrival of British colonizers led to a culture clash in Chesapeake. [2], So it was because of all these effects from the Headright that made the local economy largely rural. Their water was brackish, mosquitoes swarmed the area, and most of the incoming manpower would not live out their indentured servitude. Even though these two colonies shared some similarities, they had even more dissimilarities, such as the extreme difference in their life expectancy. Living life in both colonies offered a different culture unique to its area. Though indigo and rice were also grown, the demand for tobacco and the ease with which it grew turned tobacco into the largest cash crop for the Chesapeake and southern colonies. The New Englanders life span was close to that of modern day. Overall both the Chesapeake and the New England colonies differentiated, causing major differences in the two colonies society. This led to a shift in buying more slaves from Africa, as they did not all speak the same language, making them much easier to control. Tobacco, rice, and indigo, which were enumerated products, could only be traded to Britain which had advantages and disadvantages. [20] These governors resembled the King and kept order throughout the colonies. To preserve the slave culture in those colonies, both legislatures passed laws that limited the freedoms of the blacks in bondage and required expulsion of . The shared language of the colonies was English, creating a cultural division from south and central American colonies that were colonized by the Spanish and Portuguese. Why do historical debates about social death and cultural continuity matter to American history, even today? The lucrative transatlantic trade, particularly in beaver pelts, involved Indians, colonial traders, and English entrepreneurs and played a significant role in the development of Chesapeake Bay colonies. CHESAPEAKE COLONIES CHESAPEAKE COLONIES, Maryland and Virginia, grew slowly from 1607 to 1630 due to the low-lying tidewater's highly malignant disease environment. . The family was also affected by the change also, because the need for slaves. Since bringing over indentured servants was the easiest way get more land, it became a popular for wealthy planters to bring in the indentured servants in mass numbers. The largest social class in the South and Chesapeake regions were the merchants, vendors, and small farmers of the colonies. Although the origins of both colonies lay in England, the differences between them surfaced and depicted distinctions as to why they left the motherland, their political ideologies, religion . These conflicts led to the appointing of Royal Governors by the King. Why were there more Natives found in the area of the Chesapeake colonies? Jamestown - John Smith and Pocahontas. Early in the seventeenth century, the status of slave and indentured servant was quite similar. The one common link between New England and the Chesapeake was the treatment of the Indians. The difference was the colonial motive, religion, political structure, socio-economic, and race relation, these are what were accountable for creating these territories. With the difference between the two cultures, led to relatively ambiguous gender roles for women in the Chesapeake (Berkin, 6). The colonies in New England and the Chesapeake exemplify the many differences in the culture and lifestyles of the settlers, created mainly because of the fact that their founding fathers had held separate intentions when they came to the New World. New laws were passed along with the Navigation Acts, and Vice Admiralty Courts were also established to prevent biased judging towards colonists. Jealousies and infighting among the English destabilized the colony. Sadly, disillusioned colonists took out their frustrations on the local Indians. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. Chesapeake Colonies: Virginia, Maryland Restoration Colonies Settling the Colonies Eighteenth Century Colonial America Colonial Society and Economy Enlightenment and Religious Revival Rivals for Empire From Discontent to Revolution Discontent in the Colonies Drifting toward Revolution Start of the American Revolution Creating a New Nation The Virginia Company who financed and organized the settlement of Virginia was the first attempt at government. These slaves left a lasting impact upon southern agricultural techniques as well as social aspects of southern society. Chesapeake Colonies" EssaysForStudent.com. Tobacco products, lumber, grain and boats. catholic land barons surrounded by mostly protestant small farmers. These colonists (who were not only Britishor of British descentbut also German and Scots-Irish) farmed small plots of land which they owned. The desirable niche that tobacco held in the world market resulted in great prosperity for the regions in which it was grown. 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