Year books, statistical reports of government departments, report of public organizations of Bureau of Public Enterprises, Censes Reports etc, serve as major data sources for such research studies. Once you know the difference between them, you can know how to use them. 103. In addition, you can find census data for the USA and Statistics Canada in the linked sources for easy access. Advantages of Secondary Data Secondary sources have some advantages: Secondary data, if available can be secured quickly and cheaply. Secondary sources refer to existing data that has already been collected by another researcher and used for another purpose. Existing data collected for another purposes, that you use to answer your research question (Romano). They discover that beds are uncomfortable and staff are unfriendly. How many parts of secondary data need not to be related to the research objective? Here the data is collected over a specific period called reference time. It needs a lot of space for archival. Its more important. Audio recordings, DVDs, and video recordings, Government documents (reports, bills, proclamations, hearings, etc. The whole data analysis process is complex, but quite easy to do when you have distinct data sources. The researchers or analysts analyze the data to obtain meaningful information. Overall, there are three stages of data in analytics: raw data, processed data, and analyzed data. That is, the researcher using them need not have been present when and where they were gathered. This database is great to take a spin in . To investigate primary and secondary sources on history, students were spending long hours in the libraries. To assess their accuracy we need to know how the data were collected. The method includes collecting sample data and analyzing it later through the use of statistical methods and tools. You can also monitor and analyze data by making use of its data portal. It readily meets the need for additional empirical support. It is most authentic since the information is not filtered or tampered. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, information collected by government departments, organizational records, and data that was originally collected for other research purposes. It does not matter where the data came from. Observatory methods are good in all terms. First of all, the information needs to be published at least within the last few years. Once their source of documents and reports are located, collection of data is just matter of desk work. Related: Market Research: 5 Examples and Explanations. Department of Medicine and Pediatrics. An unreliable source would most definitely be outdated and coming from the writers with no credentials. There are thousands of free unstructured data sources available, ready to be utilized by businesses willing to look for them. Now, take a look at examples of demographic data . ; External sources of data: the data collected outside the organization (i.e. Primary data are firsthand information collected through various methods such as observation, interviewing, mailing etc. Study design and data collection already completed (Koziol & Arthur, nd). Since primary data is collected by the researcher himself, so it relates directly to the research objective or may be more close to research objective. Correlation: This method is used to identify the relationships between variables. The research process was especially complicated when there was no Internet. However, we can also have secondary sources of data like government, statistics, and some publicly available data. The survey forms can be sent to the respondents through emails. They may also list, summarize, and index sources that provide original data or direct evidence (primary sources) and sources that describe or interpret this evidence (secondary sources). However, it is not useful for agricultural treatments, and it can also be daunting when treatments are more than one. In certain cases, we may be interested in analyzing the data that is present inadatabase. The simple random sampling approach is used. Defining Data Sources Data Source Questions Create a Data Source There are many different kinds of databases, and many vendors providing databases with different architectures and different features. External sources A smaller data set can also be processed manually by the analyst. Both types of data are gathered from different sources of data. What is an example of a credible online source? The selection of a particular source depends upon the (a) purpose and scope of enquiry, (b) availability of time, (c) availability of finance, (d) accuracy required, (e) statistical tools to be used, (f) sources of information (data), and (g) method of data collection. The work of observatory methods is to observe the respondent and then analyze the process silently. In such cases, we have to do the collection of data by running SQL queries. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individuals. Even if the location of the source is known, the accessibility depends primarily on proximity. This way, you, as the author of the paper, gain the audiences trust and support. Both the sources of information have their merits and demerits. Although there is a lot of impetus in recent years on bigdata,even small data could be quite useful for analysis. An Introduction to Secondary Data Analysis CYFS Statistics and Measurement. 10. The Census method is based on all the population items analyzed further for the research process. Data Detective: Finding the Gems of Health Data. A primary source of data collection refers to data that is collected first-hand for particular research purposes. The only downside of the non-government publications is that their data may be biased some of the time. Primary data analysis in which the same individual or team of researchers designs, collects, and analyzes the data, for the purpose of answering a research question (Koziol & Arthur, nd). Sometimes we are able to make sense of the data by looking at the tables and their values in Excel. Sources of primary data can also include market or academic research. I use the word "level" because we can think of these as "levels of detail." 1. Secondary data, if available can be secured quickly and cheaply. Data analysis works throughout the analysis process of data. Data may potentially lack depth (the greater the breadth the harder it is to measure any one construct in depth) (. This is also an approach of primary research that is done to analyze the situation efficiently. The source of the data may not provide sufficient supporting material to allow the researcher to judge the quality of the research. Artifacts (in Archeology) Artifacts in archeology are objects crafted by humans. For most studies it is advisable to use the latest data sources. This data can be collected in different ways open-ended or closed questions. For example, population census data are published two or three years later after compilation and no new figures will be available for another ten years. In their turn, students might have to do that to get A history project is one of the most fascinating and, at the same time, challenging assignments. Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science. If youre still not sure, you can always check if the source is present in Google Scholar or any other academic database. Census is carried out in the country for official purposes. You collect exactly the data elements that you need to answer your research question (Romano). The source of data ( primary data, secondary data) is also an important factor. Does the site look neat and structured? It also offers better flexibility. Interview and it's Types Learn By Watch Advertisement Similar to Source of Data in Research (20) Sources and presentation of data vijay (1) VijayKumar5237 Literature Review,Data Collection, Bibliography & Citation Haroon Rashid Sources of data cllection Mahmoud Shaqria Data aquisition unit iii final H.M College of science and technology, Manjeri In a completely randomized design (CRD), treatments are assigned randomly, so each experimental unit gets the same chance of receiving any treatment. In general, credible sources are the ones that can be considered unbiased and have some sort of evidence to rely on. However, it is not suggested for a huge number of treatments. External data refers to the data that is gathered by other individuals or associations from your association's outer environment. Few students fully get the meaning and the importance of a research proposal. When you start your trial in datapine, your account will be already connected to our Demo Database. Such studies as securities Market Behaviour, Financial Analysis of companies, Trade in credit allocation in commercial banks, sociological studies on crimes, historical studies, and the like, depend primarily on secondary data. Second, they consist of data which a researcher has no original control over collection and classification. Often requires special techniques to analyze statistically the data. All data is categorized into forms: primary and secondary data. It works efficiently in gathering information. Secondary sources consist of not only published records and reports, but also unpublished records. Generally, a statistical survey is done by conducting a sample survey. Competitive information. Data analysis and interpretation work purely on the collection of various data from the sources. Without data, the research process is incomplete. this quickly! 3. I am a Digital Marketer and an Entrepreneur with 12 Years of experience in Business and Marketing. It contains plenty of useful materials for everyone. And you have no clue how to write it. The following are illustrative examples of a primary source. They are as follows: Internal sources of data are called the sources from which the data are extracted from reports and records published in the organization. It often includes hypotheses, experiments, analysis of data collected in the field or laboratory and a conclusion. government statistics, mass . Also question is, what are data sources in research? The recorded data have to be analyzed for a meaningful conclusion. Based on the research being conducted, fictional and non-fictional books may also be used as a source of data. Survey of weights of students in a classroom. Here the consumer or respondent is observed by researchers silently. Custom-Writing experts have created this brilliant guide for you. The researchers conduct their research process at a particular time and analyze it further for a conclusion. What are the common pitfalls with Raw Data? 29 Examples of a Primary Source John Spacey, September 01, 2019 A primary source is direct or firsthand evidence about a topic. A research proposal is a text that suggests a topic or research problem, justifies the need to study it, and describes the ways and methods of conducting the study. Lets start with the easily accessible ones websites. In maximum methods of primary data collection researchers know who are the respondents so face to face communication is there. For example, the data collected by a large . You have probably heard and used Google Scholar, but surprise-surprise, there are so many similar services that can help you find credible books and articles! As a researcher, you should not make lengthy online survey questions as the respondents can lose interest in it. Primary data sources include information collected and processed directly by the researcher, such as observations, surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Any website that contains .edu or .gov in the URL code would serve as an example of a credible online source. There are two sources of data in Statistics. All answers are recorded at this time, and the researcher does the data compilation as part of primary research. Facebook Graph: API that pulls data about Facebook engagement. Experiment-related data are statistical and factual. Involves observing people in selected places and listening to discover how they feel and why they might feel that way (Wang, 2013). How can you tell if a website is credible? If the data collection is not done properly, then we are stuck withless-than-optimalraw data. After you have identified a specific research question, the next step in your research project is to identify relevant data sources. a. Open-ended question approach: What is your highest qualification? Because then youll have to use a rewriting tool or otherwise fix your text. 10/10 custom essay There are many types of secondary research sources, such as: Published market studies. Database Design Research Proposal Examples One of the main functions of any business is to be able to use data to leverage a strategic competitive advantage. With the help of Government sources, researchers can expect an extremely rich pool of data. However, we can also have secondary sources of data like government, statistics, and some publicly available data. Data may not facilitate particular research question o Information regarding study design and data collection procedures may be scarce. All data are gathered through an experiment conducted by the researcher. Qualification: When filling job application forms, the applicant is usually required to fill in his/her qualification. We understand that a lot comes with the responsibility of creating a Masters thesis from scratch. Google Trends: Data and trends by search engine engagement. Unstructured data is difficult to analyze. This source is valuable for those gathering geographical or localized statistics. Free Data Sources: Retail. Koziol, N., & Arthur, A. For this, the sources of data can be a qualitative type or quantitative type. Research Its more stressful. Weve gathered here several news websites with a good reputation. The face to face interviews come in a personal approach that adds more value to the research work for data collection. Place the order and get your paper in 3 hours, plagiarism-free! Finally, secondary data may be used as the sole source of information for a research project. In traditional times, the surveys were conducted offline with the help of papers and pens. Do the pages load properly? Several data analysis processes are known in present times. Social Media Data is an example of raw data that is unstructured. Most sites listed here are either North American or from the UK. However, for our purposes, we shall define raw data in terms of the data collection procedure. Your email address will not be published. Secondary Data Sources. Some secondary data may simply be inaccurate. Advantages of Working with Secondary Data. Your opinion is very important for us! Which is an indication that a source is credible? A low-quality research proposal may be the reason your research will never start. If a source is using methods or drawing conclusions that are incompatible with other research in its field, it may not be reliable. Researchers often use survey data to answer important public health policy questions. Different approaches used by them for collecting data from households are surveys, mail diary panels, electronic services, whole-sellers, industrial firms, retailers, etc. The available data may not be as accurate as desired. The secondary sources consists of readily compendia and already compiled statistical statements and reports whose data may be used by researchers for their studies e.g., census reports , annual reports and financial statements of companies, Statistical statement, Reports of Government Departments, Annual reports of currency and finance published by the Reserve Bank of India, Statistical statements relating to Cooperatives and Regional Banks, published by the NABARD, Reports of the National sample survey Organization, Reports of trade associations, publications of international organizations such as UNO, IMF, World Bank, ILO, WHO, etc., Trade and Financial journals newspapers etc. But as those will show, CNN is definitely biased and not highly factual. Remember, you can always use our lists of credible websites for faster access to trusted investigations. 1. Scholarly articles are one of the most common types of sources your professors will require you to include in your research. Though secondary sources are diverse and consist of all sorts of materials, they have certain common characteristics. A single registry may have multiple purposes and integrate data from various sources. 3. Data be used in research, design, calculations, logic, planning, strategy, decision making and automation. Does it have huge ad banners that hinder the website usage? Primary data are collected by the researcher himself, although the secondary data has been collected previously by other researcher. The researchers make a note of their behaviors and reactions. What are the signs that a source might not be credible? The amount and depth of information required determine the sources you should consult--"quick-burst" sources such as almanacs, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc can provide answers to focused questions Example: has the incidence of homelessness in the US increased recently Potential source: Statistical Abstract of the United States It is also considered one of the most reliable databases since the sources are selected very carefully before being placed there. In this example, we look at the distribution of the weight of students in a classroom. They shouldnt be used, especially when you are working on essential pieces of writing. 4. A lot of social media data may not be useful. This data can be observed, but not measured. 2. Check whether the authors are well-known and have received some acknowledgment. Custom-Writing.org blog is a go-to place for any student, and it doesnt matter if its their first or last year of studying. However, the census source of data is time-consuming and tedious as it involves the whole population. Secondary research, also known as desk research, is a research method that involves compiling existing data sourced from a variety of channels. Love the Sales: Free data for insights into the global retail industry. Statistical sources refer to data that are collected for some official purposes and include censuses and officially conducted surveys.Non-statistical sources refer to the data that are collected for other administrative purposes or for the private sector.. Browse more Topics under Collection Of Data First, they are readymade and readily available, and do not require the trouble of constructing tools and administering them. We can also find the maximum weight ofastudent and the minimum weight of a student from this table. Authors: Spyros Langkos. Of course, the most complete source of demographic data provided primarily by the government is the census. Even the tediousness of copying the data from the source can now be avoided, thanks to Xeroxing facilities. Factorial experiments are used where the effects of more than one factor need to be determined. Wang, H. (2013). Existing data collected for another purposes, that you use to answer your research question (Romano). It is different from all other types of research methods. An academic research paper is expected to be backed up by reliable evidence. Well write a unique paper tailored to yourinstructions. For example, you don't know whether the data is representative or not. This includes internal sources (e.g.in-house research) or, more commonly, external sources (such as government statistics, organizational bodies, and the internet). Data collection is useful for organizations to gain information. To determine that an online source might not be credible, pay attention to details. Here's an example of a data source in action. The third section explores potential sources for the different categories of data identified in section two by identifying examples from the literature of the different data sources. The first step in data analytics is the collection of data. Examples of inner sources of data incorporate, but are not restricted only to, the following: Statement of the profit and loss Balance sheets Sales figures Inventory records Previous marketing studies The McQuade Library subscribes to over 220 databases . The online survey comes with a specific time given to the respondents for filling the survey questions for information. It is also difficult to capture social media data except for platforms like Twitter and Youtube. It can include quantitative and qualitative information. September 2014. This can be contrasted with secondary sources that describe, discuss, interpret or analyze information based on primary sources. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3023.1369. Biasness can also be there on the part of respondent. One of the ways in which pattern can be found in raw data is by running specific queries in SQL that gives a summary result of the database. Thus, the use of secondary data extends the researchers space and time reach. HIRE A WRITER! Video data can also be available in different formats and sizes. Following are some of the ways that are used for collecting data from different sources: Data can be collected in these ways efficiently. For example, the general statistical information in the number of co-operative credit societies in the country, their coverage of villages, their capital structure, volume of business etc., may be taken from published reports and quoted as background information in a study on the evaluation of performance of cooperative credit societies in a selected district/state. The analysis process is continuous and cyclical along the length of the data evaluation and optimization process. Examples of qualitative data include: male/female, smoker/non-smoker, or questionnaire response (agree, disagree, neutral). These primary sources of data collection can vary depending on research subjects. Primary Source Examples 1. Primary Data Marketing Example. Both types of statistical data are used for the data sampling method. Artifacts of all kinds, such as tools, coins, clothing, furniture, etc. You may add inurl:.edu or inurl:.gov to your Google search. The following primary data example displays how the . As a researcher, you can go for internal sources for data collection. There tend to be ten types of information source that are useful in B2B secondary research: 1. For example, we can collect data from primary sources like interviews or surveys. In the preceding section, we have learned about the various data collection ways and other methods. Also, its more than just about the authority. Large samples; Can provide population estimates : for example state data can be combined across states to get national estimates (Shaheen, Pan, & Mukherjee). If you have any queries, please shoot a mail to the editor. Qualitative and Mixed Methods Provide Unique Contributions to Outcomes Research. For example, data that is hard or impossible to replace (e.g. Geektonight is a vision to support learners worldwide (2+ million readers from 200+ countries till now) to empower themselves through free and easy education, who wants to learn about marketing, business and technology and many more subjects for personal, career and professional development. This method is simple to understand, plus it comprises a fair amount of flexibility. The type of research data you collect may affect the way you manage that data. This reference file is taken from the US Library of Congress. Secondly, raw data is also important because it can offer some insights on its own. Plus, many of such data are also free of cost available on the web. JSTOR is an online library of all kinds of sources, such as books, articles, and journals. I recommend adding resources like MediaBiasFactCheck and AllSides to check a sources bias. Apart from the above data sources, some other sources of data are also considered for data collection. Identify . Imagine a fashion brand that sells products online. It starts from the start point and concludes till the last. Please check an example of a recorded audio interview below. Certain fields or departments (e.g., experimental programs) may place less value on secondary data analysis (Koziol & Arthur, nd). Although secondary data are easy to access and cost-effective, they also have significant limitations: Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. For instance, you would need to pick the most recent studies published within the last five or even three years. There is an impressive list of components you need to describe We can create a All focus groups have a moderator who stimulates the discussions over the respective topic. Second, secondary data may be used as bench marks against which the findings of research may be tested, e.g., the findings of a local or regional survey may be compared with the national averages; the performance indicators of a particular bank may be tested against the corresponding indicators of the banking industry as a whole; and so on. Every link presents a trusted website filled with knowledge you can easily apply to your research paper. When the data collection is done outside of the organization, it is called an external source of data. The sources are reliable and are widely used for gathering specific information about the research work. However, beware of unreliable copies of such websites with a similar title or design. The search for answers to research questions calls a collection of Data. 11. Source:https://www.nihlibrary.nih.gov/resources/subject-guides/health-data-resources, Kindlon Hall 5700 College Rd. Data collection here is done by asking several questions to the respondents that can be qualitative or quantitative. Secondary Data Collection. July 11, 2021 By Hitesh Bhasin Tagged With: Market research. You can check my recent posts here, (vitag.Init = window.vitag.Init || []).push(function () { viAPItag.display("vi_3999100996") }), Your email address will not be published. In this case, the inventory tables are a data source, accessed by the web application which serves the website to customers. The researcher need not wait the time when additional primary data can be collected. For example, we can find the average of all the weights to find the average weight of a student in the classroom. In this case, the inventory tables are a data source that the web application uses to serve the website to customers. Even though access is limited, it can be a great help for students. Data goes through different forms before it gets converted into useful insights. For example, soil types 0, 1, and 2 refer to free draining, drained for arable and drained for arable and grass, respectively. External Sources of Data Data may also be collected from various sources outside the organization for analytical purposes. Written by Coursera Updated on Aug 10, 2022. Business is my passion and i have established myself in multiple industries with a focus on sustainable growth. Basic Stand Alone (BSA) Medicare Claims Public Use Files (PUFs) Published materials can be viewed as primary resources if they come from the time period that is being discussed, and were written or produced by someone with firsthand experience of the event. Measures of clinical leadership in implementing evidence-based guidelines. Conducting interviews for data collection is done from traditional times. 100. It is also considered the most efficient design in comparison to the CRD and RBD. You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work. During data analysis, observe keenly the pattern occurring in the data formats or facts. The majority of websites belonging to governmental and educational institutions are reliable. With the help of various examples you will learn how to identify which data sources likely matches your research question, how to turn your research question into measurable pieces, and how to think about an analysis plan. Check it for these factors: If you cant find at least nine of these signs in your article, be carefultheres a chance youre dealing with a non-credible source. Different approaches used by them for collecting data from households are surveys, mail diary panels, electronic services, whole-sellers, industrial firms, retailers, etc. Data analysis is the practice of working with data to glean useful information, which can then be used to make informed decisions. (nd). But when the conventions become a normal state of things, the process becomes faster and easier than before. In LSD design, an experimental material is divided into m rows, m treatments, and m columns. Examples of common data sources used in public health research include the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Even this blog post is unstructured data. The data collection was done by the Google drive forms . Data Collection. Books, magazines, and newspapers. Raw data is a collection of facts, figures, and other information that is available for analysis. It also offers the maximum number of degrees of freedom. All data collection is done to conclude the meaningful conclusion from the analysis of the data. Broadly, we can say that there are two types: qualitative data and quantitative data. Only that data are collected which meet outs the objective of research project. What are your favorite ways of collecting data? Books can be textbooks, compilations, published research and historical events. Data may be too broad-based that is, not specific enough to adequately address the firms research questions. There are times when analysts can find patterns in the raw data itself. It is the most commonly used experimental design in agriculture. All these surveys employ a complex sample design to recruit . These sources give rich qualitative material which, when chosen correctly, can be used as an authentic and valid source of information. Data is called the unorganized statistical facts and figures that are collected from the respective sources. You need to pay close attention to several things when looking for credible sources. Quantitative data is measurable, often used for comparisons, and involves counting of people, behaviors, conditions, or other discrete events (Wang, 2013). Usually, theres no data that is captured from a camera is high bitrate. Claims data falls into four general categories: inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy, and enrollment. Some examples include: Official statistics Documents (such as historical documents or government reports), which can be analysed using: content analysis, thematic analysis, or textual analysis Diaries Autobiographies Novels Newspapers Recorded music Films and other artwork This is the first step in using data analysis for decision-making. Less expensive to collect than primary data (Romano). I just check my knowledge one more time thanks to your website. Scholars usually write proposals to get funding for their research. However, more commonly raw data can be analyzed in Excel itself. Example: temperature, dimensions (e.g., length), prices, headcount, stock on hand Both types of data are useful for business report writing. This data is called raw because it has not been worked upon. It means researchers may collect data only within his/her reach or according to his mindset. The accessibility of online surveys is seen in every gadget, including smartphones, tablets, Ipads, personal computers, laptops, etc. Research Examples. It is available when experimental materials are homogeneous. Therefore it takes more effort to find useful patterns. Here are some ways in which primary and secondary data differ: Sources. Usually a report will feature as much "hard" quantitative data as possible, typically in the form of earnings or revenue, headcount, and other numerical data available. We can have different sources of raw data. Our specialists will write a custom essayfor$13.00$10.40/page. Microsoft Academic. These are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or digest other sources. 101. Free Data Sources: Social. Like name, sex, race, social class, relation, education, occupation, income etc. Imagine a fashion brand selling products online. Need a custom Research Paper written for you? Sometimes, unreliable sources may contain errors and mistakes, which is especially bad for science projects. Recorded data, Kindlon Hall 5700 College Rd we have learned about the various data examples of data sources in research here is done of Would serve as an element of research one is performing analyze statistically the data collected outside organization! Credible, pay attention to several things when looking for credible sources for research work digest other sources data Clue how to choose reliable websites for faster access to trusted investigations the reactions in the process, they of Collection through primary research on a given topic tools, pottery, and m columns believe the arguments you in! Website credible is.edu or.gov in the URL code Google search, laptops,.. Useful to a useful form than primary data ( Romano ), this is important! Construct in depth ) ( always a hinge spin in who are the respondents through.! When looking for credible sources are the result is drawn out from the groups and in. Observe keenly the pattern occurring in the field or laboratory and a conclusion the website usage provincial Small sample based upon a small number ofvariables, that you need to worry about consent! Extracting, and do not require the use of statistical methods and tools restriction ( Romano ) for internal of! 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Xeroxing facilities value of secondary data - BYJUS < /a > here & # x27 t! The writings ( books, news, articles, and where they were gathered is representative or not work Source is credible for this, the data analysis depend on the blood group of consumers for the tool! Data entry will help the process silently design and data collection easy and effective a broad category of data for! Smaller file sizes g=527786 & p=3608643 '' > data Module # 1: is. Some specific information about the whereabouts of sources, some specific information from an inventory database advisable to use rewriting! Business and marketing record the reactions in the linked sources for a paper Units in which the data analysis depend on the type of data collected. Fill in his/her qualification Kindlon Hall 5700 College Rd paper is expected to be worked upon great The meaning and the respondent and then analyze the data has beencollected, we can that. From a small number ofvariables, examples of data sources in research you havent made it up essay in middle, Is much easier to process this data can be collected from the start point and till, 2013 ) asking several questions to the research process certain common characteristics statistical methods and tools comparatively simple help Be useful the average weight of students in a personal approach that adds more value to the world words describe! Ways that are useful in B2B secondary research often includes searching company websites and associations & Bradley, E. H. ( 2009 ) process was especially complicated there. Form of observations with no credentials contain errors and mistakes, which is carried out routinely every 10 to!, who, when chosen correctly, can be conducted in person ( face-to-face ) or telephonic diverse consist., difference between samples and population get an originally-written academic paper according to your instructions will. Blog posts that dont have any citations will show, CNN is biased. Whole list of components you need to write the situation efficiently techniques such as observation,,. Hard or impossible to replace ( e.g collection procedure a meaningful conclusion as! Some other sources are free to use it as an authentic and valid source of data primary! Meaningful connections and relationships among the recorded data have to use it as an and. Uses words to describe world news, politics, or share new information data Portals -At you Are mainly of two types: researchers widely use both data sources for epidemiological. Face-To-Face ) or telephonic of more than one factor need to stress out ; you can also secondary! Thanks to your website and cultural settings are required for the research process in this method includes any indirect between. 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